Designation: D4287 - 00 (Reapproved 2014) INTERNATIONAL Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos- 4.1 The viscosity value obtained by this test method gives ity of paints, varnishes, and related products at a rate of shear information about the flow properties of the material under high-shear conditions similar to those encountered during of 12 000 s-1 application: brushing (see Test Method D4958), spraying, 1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not give electrostatic disk, or roll coating. reproducible results with this test method. Measurements made 4.2 This test method is suitable for all paints and varnishes at elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due to loss of volatiles and to drying. whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not. However, due to the narrow gap between the stationary and rotary parts of 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as high-shear viscometers, this test method is more reproducible standard. No other units of measurement are included in this for paints having finer pigment dispersions as determined by standard. Test Method D1210. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Apparatus safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.1 Cone/Plate Type Viscometer, with cone/speed combina- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- tion producing a rate of shear of 12 000 s-1. The viscometer bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. must provide a viscosity measurement rage of either 0 to 10 (P) or 0 to 5 (P) at the above mentioned shear rate. With higher 2. Referenced Documents viscosity materials, other cones and speeds may be used upon agreement between the producer and the user, but it should be 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 noted that these may give lower shear rates not truly represen- D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment- tative of application conditions. Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 of an Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related analog and digital cone and plate viscometer. Pigmented Coatings NoTE 1—The SI units for viscosity are pascal-seconds (Pa-s = 10 P, 1 D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of mPa-s = 1 cP). Latex Paints 6. Reagents and Materials 3. Summary of Test Method 6.1 Water or Solvent-The viscometer should be zeroed according to the manufacturer's specification. Zeroing proce- 3.1 The material to be tested is placed between the cone and dures that require liquid may be satisfied with water or a low plate of a cone/plate viscometer, then subjected to a high shear viscosity solvent such as xylene or mineral spirits. rate while the viscosity is determined. 6.2 Mineral Oils-Three standard mineral oils with known viscosities (certified by an approved laboratory) lying between 10 and 90 % of full scale to be used for calibrating the 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee DO1 on Paint instrument.3 and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials. NoTe 2—Silicone oils should be avoided because of their tendency to Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published January 2015.Originally contaminate instruments, containers and other equipment and because of appro