ISO/TR TECHNICAL REPORT 27628 First edition 2007-02-01 Workplace atmospheres Ultrafine, nanoparticle and nano-structured aerosols Inhalation exposure characterization and assessment Air des lieux de travail Particules ultrafines, nanoparticules et aérosols nanostructurés - Caractérisation et évaluation de I'exposition parinhalation Reference number ISO/TR27628:2007(E) @ ISO 2007 ISO/TR 27628:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The Iso Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below ?ISO2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either isO at the address below or IsO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 : CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 2007-All rights reserved ISO/TR27628:2007(E) Contents Page Foreword... iv Introduction 1 Scope 2 Terms and definitions 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms .... 4 4.1 Nanoaerosols (including ultrafine aerosols) and potential health effects.... 5 4.2 Lung deposition of nanoparticles ... 4.3 Transport of nanoparticles in the body.... 4.4 Physical behaviour of nanoaerosols .... 4.4.1 Formation.. 4.4.2 Coagulation. 4.4.3 Transport .... 11 4.5 Physiological basis for defining nanoparticles and nanoaerosols ...... 11 4.5.1 General.. 11 4.5.2 Biologically-relevant definitions of particle diameter.... 4.5.3 Biological significance of particle size........ 12 4.5.4 Significance of nanoparticle agglomeration/aggregation... 12 4.5.5 Summary...... 12 5 Sources of occupational nanoaerosols.. 13 6 Characterizing exposure to occupational nanoaerosols. 15 6.1 Exposure assessment strategies.... 15 6.1.1 6.1.2 Considerations for exposure assessment strategies. 15 6.1.3 Sampling.... 16 6.1.4 18 6.1.5 Exposure assessment strategies Summary. 18 6.2 Particle ensemble characterization methods .... 18 6.2.1 18 6.2.2 Mass concentration....... 18 6.2.3 Surface-areaconcentration 19 6.2.4 Number concentration.. 20 6.3 Size-resolved characterization 21 6.3.1 Measuring size distribution using particle mobility analysis .... 6.3.2 Measuring particle size distribution using inertial deposition.. 22 6.3.3 Electrical low pressure impactor measurements.. 23 6.3.4 Diffusion batteries .... 23 6.4 On-linechemical analysis 23 6.5 Single particle analysis .. 24 6.5.1 24 6.5.2 Electron microscopy imaging and analysis methods..... 6.5.3 Single particle analysis in the scanning force microscope . .25 7 Summary.. .26 Annex A (informative) Electron microscopy sample collection and preparation.. .27 Bibliography. ..30 ganization for Standa alion'ghtsreserved ili ISO/TR 27628:2007(E) Foreword Iso (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IsO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IsO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been non-governmental, in liaison with iso, also take part in the work. Iso collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commis