ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 14040 Secondedition 2006-07-01 Environmental managementLife cycle assessmentPrinciplesandframework Managementenvironnemental-Analyseducycledevie-Principes etcadre Referencenumber ISO14040:2006(E) ISO2006 Copyright Inte Not for Resale ISO14040:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces.In accordance withAdobe's licensing policy,this file may beprintedor viewed but shall notbeedited unless thetypefaces which are embedded are licensedto and installed on the computerperforming the editing.In accepts no liability in this area. AdobeisatrademarkofAdobeSystemsIncorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters wereoptimizedforprinting.Every care has beentaken to ensure that the file is suitableforuse byIsOmemberbodies.In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IsO at the address below or iso'smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester. ISOcopyrightoffice Casepostale56.CH-1211Geneva20 Tel.+41227490111 Fax+41227490947 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland isO2006-Allrightsreserved No reproduc Not for Resale ISO14040:2006(E) Contents Page Foreword. iv Introduction 1 Scope. 2 Normativereferences 3 Termsanddefinitions 4 Generaldescriptionof lifecycleassessment (LCA) 4.1 Principles of LCA... 4.2 4.3 KeyfeaturesofanLCA 4.4 Generalconceptsofproductsystems 5 Methodological framework 11 5.1 Generalrequirements 11 5.2 Goal and scopedefinition.... 11 5.3 Lifecycle inventory analysis (LCl) 13 5.4 Lifecycleimpactassessment(LCIA) 14 5.5 Life cycle interpretation.. 16 6 Reporting. 16 7 Criticalreview 17 7.1 General....... 17 7.2 Need for critical review.... 17 7.3 Criticalreviewprocesses. 17 AnnexA(informative)ApplicationofLcA 18 Bibliography ii by IHS e with IS fromIHS NotforRe ISO14040:2006(E) Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnational standardsbodies (isO memberbodies).The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through isO technicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeen InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the IsO/lEc Directives, Part2 adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.Publication as an Iso14040waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/T207,Environmentalmanagement,Subcommittee S5,Lifecycleassessment. This second edition of IS014040, together with Is014044:2006, cancels and replaces Is014040:1997, ISO14041:1998,iSO14042:2000andISO14043:2000,whichhavebeentechnicallyrevised. al Organization for Standardizal ISO2006-Allrightsreserved NotforResale ISO 14040:2006(E) Introduction The increased awareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection, and the possible impacts associated betterunderstand and address these impacts. One of the techniques being developed for this purpose is life cycleassessment(LCA). LCAcan assist in identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of products at various points in their life cycle, informing decision-makers in industry,government or non-government organizations (e.g.for the purpose the selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance, including measurementtechniques, and environmentalproductdeclaration). ForpractitionersofLCA,ISO14044detailstherequirementsforconductinganLCA through production, use, end-of-life treatment, recycling and final disposal (i.e. cradle-to-grave). Therearefourphase