Designation: D 412 - 98a (Reapproved 2002)e1 INTERNATIONAL StandardTestMethods for Vulcanized Rubber and dThermoplastic Elastomers Tension 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Depariment of Defense. 1. Scope E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines 2.2 ASTM Adjunct: 1.1 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate Cut Ring Specimens, Method B (D 412)4 the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers 2.3 ISO Standards: and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not appli- ISO 37 Rubber, Vulcanized and Thermoplastic Determina cable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials. tion of Tensile Stress-Strain Properties The methods appear as follows: Test Method ADumbbell and Straight Section Specimens 3. Terminology Test Method BCut Ring Specimens 3.1 Definitions: NorE 1These two different methods do not produce identical results. 3.1.1 tensile set-the extension remaining after a specimen 1.2 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall be has been stretched and allowed to retract in a specified manner, regarded separately as normative for this standard. The values expressed as a percentage of the original length. (D 1566) in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore each 3.1.2 tensile set-after-break -—the tensile set measured system must be used independently, without combining values. fitting the two broken dumbbell pieces together at the point of 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the rupture. safetyconcerns, if any, associated withitsuse. It isthe 3.1.3 tensile strength—the maximum tensile stress applied responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- in stretching a specimen to rupture. (D 1566) priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.4 tensile stress—a stress applied to stretch a test piece bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (specimen). (D 1566) 3.1.5 tensile stress at-given-elongation -—the stress required 2. Referenced Documents to stretch the uniform cross section of a test specimen to a 2.1 ASTM Standards: given elongation. (D 1566) D1349 Practice for Rubber-—Standard Temperaturesfor 3.1.6 thermoplastic elastomers —a diverse family of rubber- Testing like materials that unlike conventional vulcanized rubbers can be processed and recycled like thermoplastic materials. D 3182 Practice for Rubber-—Materials, Equipment pue 3.1.7 ultimate elongation—the elongation at which rupture Procedures for Mixing Standard, Compounds and Prepar- occurs in the application of continued tensile stress. ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets 3.1.8 yield point—that point on the stress-strain curve, short D3i83 Practice forRubber-Preparation of Pieces for Test of ultimate failure, where the rate of stress with respect to Purposes from Products strain, goes through a zero value and may become negative. D 3767J Practice for RubberMeasurement of Dimensions 2 (D 1566) D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Method 3.1.9 yield strain-the level of strain at the yield point. Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries (D 1566) ' These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commite DI1 on Rubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on Physical 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 4 Detailed drawings are available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Testing. Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally Drive, Conshohocken, PA 19428. Order Adjunct No. ADJD0412. approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 412 98a. Available from American