野生动物保护繁育　象 Conservation and breeding for wildlife—Elephant  ICS  65.020.30 CCS  B 44   中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 44736—2024 2024-10-2 6发布 2025-05-0 1实施     国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发 布目　　次 前言   ·····································································································   Ⅲ 1     范围   ··································································································   1 2     规范性引用文件   ······················································································   1 3     术语和定义   ···························································································   1 4     保护繁育计划   ·························································································   2 5     场所要求   ······························································································   2 6     人员要求   ······························································································   5 7     饲养管理   ······························································································   5 8     繁育管理   ······························································································   6 9     健康管理   ······························································································   7 10     种群管理   ····························································································   8 11     安全管理   ····························································································   9 12     运输管理   ···························································································   10 13     野化训练   ···························································································   10 14     调查监测及预警   ····················································································   11 15     档案管理   ···························································································   12 附录 A （资料性）　训练墙设计   ·······································································   13 附录 B （资料性）　象最低营养需求   ··································································   15 附录 C （资料性）　体况评估指南   ·····································································   16 附录 D （资料性）　洗鼻指南   ··········································································   18 附录 E （资料性）　尸检指南   ··········································································   19 附录 F （资料性）　个体档案记录表   ··································································   22 GB/T 44736—2024     Ⅰ 前　　言 本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则　第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由国家林业和草原局提出。 本文件由全国野生动物保护管理与经营利用标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 369）归口。 本文件起草单位：黑龙江省野生动物研究所、太原动物园、南京市红山森林动物园管理处、国家林 业和草原局西南调查规划院、北京动物园管理处、广州动物园、东北林业大学、牡丹江师范学院、吉林 农业大学、温州市景山森林公园管理中心、合肥野生动物园。 本文件主要起草人：梁宇祥、崔媛媛、马可、陈飞、张恩权、陈武、杜海荣、张明明、汤永晶、李维平、 孙红瑜、钟立成、翟学超、张明海、田新民、靳勇超、刘珑、郭建华、喻月婷、朱灿、张凤娇。   GB/T 44736—2024     Ⅲ 野生动物保护繁育　象 1　范围   本文件规定了亚洲象（Elephas maximus）、非洲草原象（Loxodonta africana）和非洲森林象（Lox﹘ odonta cyclotis）的保护繁育计划、场所要求、人员要求、饲养管理、繁育管理、健康管理、种群管理、 安全管理、运输管理、野化训练、调查监测及预警、档案管理等。 本文件适用于动物园、野生动物园及其他保护繁育机构中象的保护繁育管理。 2　规范性引用文件   下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文 件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用 于本文件。 GB 5749　生活饮用水卫生标准 GB/T 7946　脉冲电子围栏及其安装和安全运行 GB 13078　饲料卫生标准 GB 18596　畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准 GB 55014　园林绿化工程项目规范 LY/T 2500.2　活体野生动物运输容器　第2部分：标签与标识 LY/T 2500.3　活体野生动物运输容器　第3部分：通则 LY/T 3111　动物园陆生野生动物疫病防控技术通则 CJJ/T 240　动物园术语标准 CJJ/T 263　动物园管理规范 CJJ/T 267　动物园设计规范 3　术语和定义   CJJ/T 240界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1　 保护性接触　protected contact 通过特殊设计的操作隔障面，保障人与动物安全的情况下，饲养员与动物通过身体部位有限接触， 开展训练、检查等活动的管理形式。 3.2　 行为管理　behavior management 以提升保护繁育水平为目的，野生动物保护繁育机构通过对场所设施、环境丰容、行为训练、社群 构建、操作日程五项组件的综合运用，基于动物个体情况合理动态调整的管理模式。 3.3　 训练墙　protected-contact facility 根据象的身体结构和行为特点，设立的有不同功能孔位的钢结构墙体，便于饲养员行为训练、健康 检查、治疗等日常管理的保护性接触设施。 GB/T 44736—2024     1 4　保护繁育计划   4.1　保护繁育机构应制定书面形式的保护繁育计划，短期保护繁育计划以3 年为周期，中长期保护繁育 计划以6 年～10 年为周期。 4.2　保护计划应包含饲养管理、健康管理、安全管理、种群管理、档案管理等程序，野生亚洲象还应 包含收容救护后的野化训练程序、野生