野生动物保护繁育　朱鹮 Conservation and captive breeding for wildlife—Crested Ibis  ICS  65.020.30 CCS  B 44   中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 44735—2024 2024-10-2 6发布 2025-02-0 1实施     国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发 布目　　次 前言   ·····································································································   Ⅲ 1     范围   ··································································································   1 2     规范性引用文件   ······················································································   1 3     术语和定义   ···························································································   1 4     保护繁育计划   ·························································································   2 5     场所要求   ······························································································   2 6     人员要求   ······························································································   3 7     饲养管理   ······························································································   4 8     繁育管理   ······························································································   6 9     健康管理   ······························································································   8 10     种群管理   ····························································································   8 11     安全管理   ····························································································   9 12     运输管理   ····························································································   9 13     野化放归   ····························································································   9 14     调查监测   ···························································································   10 15     档案管理   ···························································································   10 附录 A （资料性）　雏鸟饲料和牛肉复合饲料营养水平   ···············································   11 附录 B （资料性）　推荐性饲料配方及加工调制   ······················································   12 附录 C （资料性）　朱鹮雏鸟日均饲喂量   ·····························································   14 附录 D （资料性）　朱鹮健康检查表   ··································································   15 附录 E （资料性）　朱鹮日常统计表   ··································································   16 GB/T 44735—2024     Ⅰ 前　　言 本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则　第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由国家林业和草原局提出。 本文件由全国野生动物保护管理与经营利用标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 369）归口。 本文件起草单位：秦岭大熊猫研究中心（陕西省珍稀野生动物救护基地）、陕西汉中朱鹮国家级自 然保护区管理局、陕西省动物研究所、浙江省德清县生态林业综合服务中心、广东长隆集团有限公司、 陕西省科学院。 本文件主要起草人：张军风、张智锋、雷颖虎、高更更、游珊珊、董荣、王晓宇、侯佳、庆保平、 金学林、邱国强、洪作振、张强、陈怡平、潘广林、李丹、徐光岚、张丹辉。   GB/T 44735—2024     Ⅲ 野生动物保护繁育　朱鹮 1　范围   本文件规定了朱鹮（Nipponia nippon）人工饲养条件下的保护繁育计划、场所要求、人员要求、饲 养管理、繁育管理、健康管理、种群管理、安全管理、运输管理、野化放归、调查监测和档案管理等。 本文件适用于动物园、野生动物园及其他保护繁育机构中朱鹮的保护繁育管理。 2　规范性引用文件   下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文 件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用 于本文件。 GB 5749　生活饮用水卫生标准 GB 13078　饲料卫生标准 GB 18596　畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准 LY/T 1564　陆生野生动物（鸟类）饲养场通用技术条件 LY/T 2499　野生动物饲养场总体设计规范 LY/T 2806　野生动物饲养从业人员要求 LY/T 3111　动物园陆生野生动物疫病防控技术通则 3　术语和定义   下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1　 雏鸟　nestling 出壳至45日龄的个体。 3.2　 幼鸟　juvenile 46日龄至1岁的个体。 3.3　 亚成体　sub﹘adult 1岁至性成熟前的个体。 3.4　 成鸟　adult 性成熟的个体，年龄通常不小于2岁。 3.5　 亲鸟　parents 孵化育雏期间的朱鹮双亲。 GB/T 44735—2024     1 3.6　 野化训练　wild acclimation 人工模拟朱鹮栖息地条件，促使拟放归自然的朱鹮个体适应野外环境并具备自主生存能力的过程。 4　保护繁育计划   4.1　按照2年～3年的短期计划和5年～10年的中长期计划制定保护繁育计划。 4.2　保护计划应包括日常饲养、健康管理、安全管理、种群管理、档案管理、野化训练、放归和野外 保护计划等程序，以保障动物个体福利。野外保护计划包括野生种群保护计划、放归种群保护计划和栖 息地保护计划。繁育计划充分考虑培育朱鹮的自然繁殖能力，充分考虑种群数量及健康状况与环境、饲 养空间和人员配置相匹配。 5　场所要求  5.1　选址   5.1.1　应符合LY/T 1564的规定。 5.1.2　3 km范围内无家禽养殖场，且宜在其上风处。 5.2　布局   应符合LY/T 2499的规定。 5.3　饲养区  5.3.1　环境条件   5.3.1.1　笼舍应避风向阳，宜朝南，应遵循日照节律性，采用自然光照。 5.3.1.2　饲养区最低气温低于−20 ℃的地区，应建有地暖或其他保温措施的饲养内舍，冬季温度应控制 在0 ℃以上。温度超过30 ℃，应使用安装在栖架和水池上方的遮阳棚等降温措施。 5.3.1.3　环境噪声日间不高于60 dB ，夜间不高于50 dB。 5.3.2　饲养笼舍   5.3.2.1　面积应不小于20 m