乡村绿化技术规程 Code of practice for village greening  ICS  65.020.40 CCS  B 64   中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 44347—2024 2024-09-2 9发布 2024-09-2 9实施     国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发 布目　　次 前言   ·····································································································   Ⅲ 1     范围   ··································································································   1 2     规范性引用文件   ······················································································   1 3     术语和定义   ···························································································   1 4     总则   ··································································································   2 5     程序   ··································································································   2 6     明确主要类型   ·························································································   3 7     绿化配置   ······························································································   3 8     苗木   ··································································································   6 9     栽植   ··································································································   7 10     抚育管护   ····························································································   8 11     质量成效评价   ·······················································································   9 12     档案管理   ···························································································   10 附录A （资料性）    乡村绿化主要植物名录   ···························································   11 附录B （资料性）    乡村绿化参考模式图例   ···························································   25 参考文献   ································································································   34 GB/T 44347—2024     Ⅰ 前　　言 本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则　第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由国家林业和草原局提出。 本文件由全国营造林标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 385）归口。 本文件起草单位：北京林业大学、国家林业和草原局生态保护修复司、国家林业和草原局林草调查 规划院、河北省塞罕坝机械林场。 本文件主要起草人：李雄、马嘉、王美仙、张炜、吴秀丽、唐小平、刘羿、李方正、胡楠、 林辰松、杨惠、于贵朋、刘畅。   GB/T 44347—2024     Ⅲ 乡村绿化技术规程 1　范围   本文件确立了乡村绿化的总则和程序，规定了明确主要类型、绿化配置、苗木、栽植、抚育管护、 质量成效评价、档案管理等要求。 本文件适用于村庄内部及周边开展的乡村绿化。 2　规范性引用文件   下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文 件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用 于本文件。 GB/T 15776　造林技术规程 GB 50061　66 kV及以下架空电力线路设计规范 GB/T 50817　农田防护林工程设计规范 HJ 556　农药使用环境安全技术导则 LY/T 2494　古树名木复壮技术规程 LY/T 2647　通道绿化技术规程 LY/T 3073　古树名木管护技术规程 3　术语和定义   下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1　 乡村绿化　village greening 乡村范围内的四旁地、场院用地、公共绿地、废弃闲置地等土地上进行的植树种草和植被保护修 复，并形成林草覆盖的过程。 注：四旁地包括村旁、宅旁、路旁、水旁土地；场院用地包括居民庭院、单位场院；公共绿地包括乡村公园、小微 绿地等；废弃闲置地包括低洼地、盐碱地、塌陷地、拆违地、污染地、取土坑、沟坎坡地、闲置地等。 3.2　 乡土植物　indigenous plant 本地区天然分布的植物，或通过长期引种、栽培和繁殖，已完全适应于本地区气候和环境且生长良 好的植物。 3.3　 护村林　forest around village 村庄居民点周边建设的以生态防护功能为主的片林或林带。 3.4　 民俗林　folklore forest 与当地民俗关联度较大的，得到当地村民认可或得到乡规、村规民约保护的森林、林木。   GB/T 44347—2024     1 4　总则  4.1　科学布局、保护优先   统筹生态、生活、生产空间，按照乡村生态系统格局，顺应地形地貌，因地借势，优化绿色空间系 统布局。保持乡土风貌，保护乡村自然生态景观格局和村落古迹等人文资源，保护古树名木及其自然生 境。统筹生态建设与耕地保护，乡村绿化不违规占用耕地。 4.2　尊重规律、分类指导   树立系统观念，推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理。遵循村庄发展建设规律，根据地理位 置、自然禀赋和发展基础，合理确定乡村绿化类型、安排绿化任务和实施步骤。量力而行，循序渐进， 稳步推进乡村绿化。 4.3　科学绿化、务实节俭   坚持适地适树，优先选择具有文化内涵、抗逆性强的乡土长寿命树种，鼓励在“四旁”种植乡土珍 贵树种，充分发挥乡村绿化在彩化美化环境、生产经济林果和维护生物多样性等方面的多重效益。选择 易成活、易养护的植物品种，营造符合乡村特点的绿化环境。 4.4　以人为本、共建共享   从人民对美好生活的需要出发，尊重群众意愿和风俗习惯，建设生态宜居的美丽乡村。鼓励群众参 与乡村绿化的各个环节，激发爱绿护绿、保护生态环境的内生动力，实现乡村生态环境共谋、共建、共 管、共享的长效机制。 5　程序   在明确乡村绿化主要类型的基础上，确定绿化的空间配置和植物配置（植物种类选择见附录A）。 选择适宜的绿化苗木和规格，按立地条件整地、栽植苗木，必要时进行土壤改良。加强绿化成果管护， 适时进行松土除草、浇水追肥、整形修剪和有害生物防治。绿化后及时开展质量成效评价，进行档案管 理。乡村绿化程序流程如图1所示。 图1　乡村绿化程序流程图 GB/T 44347—2024     2